“Nature’s Bastards”: Grafted Generation in Early Modern England
2015
This paper examines the shared rhetoric between human and horticultural generation in early modern England, particularly focusing on grafting. Early modern English gardening manuals imagine grafting as a method of controlling generation in the natural world, and early modern English obstetrical treatises imagine the female generative body in horticultural language. Alongside these scientific texts, this article uses Shakespeare’s The Winter’s Tale as a literary case study of grafting rhetoric. Ultimately, while grafting treatises imagine man’s power over generation in the natural world and obstetrical treatises imagine controlling human generation using horticultural metaphor, The Winter’s Tale complicates this fantasy by depicting Leontes’s efforts at genealogical control as unnecessary and fruitless: not only do Perdita and Hermione survive and flourish after his attempts to kill them, but Perdita is the legitimate and non-grafted offspring of Hermione and Leontes.
Cet article examine la rhetorique que partagent la reproduction humaine et l’horticulture en Angleterre au debut de l’epoque moderne. Les ouvrages portant sur les jardins, a l’epoque, representent la greffe comme une methode pour controler la reproduction dans le monde naturel, tandis que les ouvrages d’obstetrique de la meme epoque representent la capacite reproductrice du corps feminin en termes d’horticulture. A cote de ces textes scientifiques, on se sert dans cet article de la piece de Shakespeare The Winter’s Tale comme exemple de la rhetorique de la greffe. En derniere analyse, tandis que les ouvrages decrivant la greffe representent la puissance humaine sur la reproduction dans le monde naturel et que les ouvrages d’obstetrique representent la reproduction humaine avec des metaphores tirees de l’horticulture, The Winter’s Tale vient compliquer cet imaginaire en presentant comme futiles les tentatives de controle genealogique de Leontes : non seulement Perdita et Hermione survivent et fleurissent apres les tentatives de meurtre, mais encore Perdita est le fruit legitime non-greffe des amours d’Hermione et Leontes.
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