Impact of balancing energy on network congestions

The increasing share of power generation by renewable energy sources goes along with higher gradients as well as volatilities in feed-in and has sustained effects on the system balance. The transmission system operators use balancing reserves to compensate these imbalances. The pan-European provision of balancing reserves will have impacts on congestions in the transmission grid in future generation systems. This paper presents a method for simulation of activation of reserves and the induced impact on network congestions in the European transmission grid.