Distribution of bombesin, somatostatin, substance-P and vasoactive intestinal polypeptide in feline and porcine skin

Abstract The content and distribution of several regulatory peptides in the skin of cats and pigs, freshly obtained at surgery, have been investigated. Immunoreactive bombesin was evenly distributed at low concentrations in both species, being below the detection limit in the body and nose of the cat, and showing a peak value of 1.6 ± 0.7 pmo1/g in the tip of the pig's ear. Similar concentrations of somatostatin-immunoreactivity (-IR) were found but greater regional variation occurred in the pig with a low in the mid back of 0.4 ± 0.1 and the highest value in the snout of 3.1 ± 0.8. Substance-P-IR in the pig showed a marked variation in concentration, apparently parallelling skin sensitivity, with a low in the back of 0.4 ± 0.7 and higher values around the anus (8.1 ± 1.6), legs (6.8 ± 1.8) and snout (13.5 ± 3.6) whilst in the cat values ranged from 0.3 ± 0.06 in the body to 5.0 ± 0.9 in the front footpads. In contrast, vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP)-IR showed greater variability in the cat, being below the assay's detection in the body and highest in the front and rear footpads (17 ± 7 and 29 ± 6 respectively), but in the pig most regions exhibited low concentrations with the exception of the snout which peaked at 12.0 ± 5.0. Immunocytochemical localisation showed the peptides to be present in nerve fibres. Substance-P-IR was particularly localised in the snout of the pig just below the epithelium while VIP-IR was more concentrated in deeper layers, often associated with sweat glands and blood vessels.