Mechanical properties improvement and bone regeneration of calcium phosphate bone cement, Polymethyl methacrylate and glass ionomer

Advancement in nanoscience and biotechnology of bone materials and cement has been increasing over the past several decades. The combination of biomaterials with trace elements for bone cement has verified their better mechanical strength and biocompatibility response. Also, the ionic replacement has affected the chemical, physical and biological properties of the substance. Pyrophosphate has supported better absorption of calcium phosphates (CaPs) and bone formation. Bone cement is the ionomer of an important material in tooth repair application used in the tooth filling, tooth cover, and to fix adhesions of the tooth and crown. Nanoparticle additives (magnesium oxide (MgO), hydroxyapatite (HA), chitosan (CH), barium sulfate and silica) and alternate monomers can be effective with Polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) granules and methyl methacrylate monomers (MMAs) to decrease the isothermal temperature. These materials can be used for the growth and development of bone cements. This paper aims to demonstrate a general and different view of the applications of CaP, PMMA, glass ionomer and bone repair cements in various methods under different experiments procedure.