Pasado, presente y futuro de la inseminación artificial bovina en Venezuela (Revisión)

This is a quickly review of the past, present and future of artificial insemination in Venezuela, with bovine emphasis, from its origins, evolution, the pressures impact of food market globalization on animal production systems in Venezuela and the challenges to approach the problem on the future. The artificial insemination technique is a tool that allows the superior males semen characteristics use, with height calves production in better bulls; for that reason, the artificial insemination as animal science practices, accelerates the improvement cattle ranch. Because the international booming of reproductive biotechnological techniques, like embryos transfer, in vitro fertilization, among others; the artificial insemination, is an essential biotechnological technique for the development of these reproductive techniques. The main objective of these techniques is increasing the animal production and productivity, to arrive at the security and nourishing sovereignty in the country, as well as different bovine races and species preservation. The germoplasma banks creation begins with the semen cryopreservation of several bovine racial types, due investigation and technological innovation, and is a essential tool for the development of all these reproductive techniques. In conclusion, everything indicates that the animal production units in the future will be greater scale, with industrial production schemes and high technology, focused in a high and quality milk production to consuming market, which will demand more natural and ecological products, where will lose the individual handling of the cows to concentrate in the collective handling in great flocks and production units. For that, the cows will have to be healthier, more fertile and longevity, but also more efficient in their conversion capacity, using advance reproductive biotechnological tools, like artificial insemination.