Ankara Beytepe Asker Hastanesi’ne periyodik muayene amacıyla başvuran 20-50 yaş arası askeri personelde koroner risk etmenleri ve metabolik sendrom sıklığı

2008 
Koroner kalp hastaliklari dunyanin bircok ulkesinde kronik hastaliklar icinde en sik goruleni olup, 21. yuzyil icinde dunya capinda olumlerin en sik sebebi olacagi on gorulmektedir. Hastaligin yaygin olmasi sebebiyle olgularin kucuk bir oraninin dahi onlenmesi bircok olumu ve saglik harcamalarini azaltacaktir. Koruyucu onlemlerin alinabilmesi icin, oncelikle koroner risk etmenlerinin sikligini bilmek gerekmektedir. Ayrica klasik risk etmenlerinin yaninda kardiyovaskuler riski ongorme konusuna daha basarili olan hatta hastaligin patogenezinde rol oynadigi dusunulen belirtecler de mevcuttur. Metabolik sendrom abdominal obezite, dislipidemi, aclik kan sekeri ve kan basinci yukselmesi gibi birtakim metabolik anormalliklerin birlikte bulunmasi veya kumelesmesi ile karakterize bir hastaliktir.Bu hastaligin temelinde insulin direncinin rol oynadigi ileri surulmektedir. Bu hastalikta KAHve diabetes mellitus gelisme olasiliginin artisi soz konusudur. Bu retrospektif tanimlayici calismada rutin periyodik muayene amaciyla bir askeri hastaneye basvuran 20-50 yas arasindaki erkek askeri personelde koroner risk etmenleri ve metabolik sendrom sikliginin arastirilmasi hedeflenmistir. Bilinen KAH olan bireyler ile verilen anket veya antropometrik olcumlerinde eksiklikler olan bireyler calisma disi birakilmistir. Metabolik sendrom tanisi 5 olcutten 3’unun birlikte olmasi ile konulmustur. Bu olcutler 1)bel cevresi >102 cm 2) trigliserid _150 mg/dl 3)aclik glukozu _ 110 mg/dl 4) HDL-k 120 dk. yapanlarda %9,4 p=0,001). Sigara miktari arttikca metabolik sendrom sikliginda bir degisme olmamakla beraber, fazla sigara icenlerde HDL-k duzeyleri daha yuksek bulundu.Framingham risk puanlamasina gore bireylerin sadece % 5,4’u yuksek riskli grupta idi. Bununla birlikte Framingham degerlendirmesine gore dusuk risk grubuna giren bireylerin %7,2’si ve orta risk grubuna giren bireylerin %20,5’inde metabolik sendrom saptandi. Metabolik sendrom olan bireylerde BK (6,7±1,7’ye karsilik 7,3±1,8 x103/mm3; p 102 cm; 2) fasting blood glucose _ 110 mg/dl 3)triglyceride _150 mg/dl 4) HDL-c 120 min/week; p< 0.001). Although HDL-c decreased with the increasing number of cigarettes, the number of patients with metabolic syndrome showed no change with the changing amount of cigarettes. According the Framingham risk score only 5,4% of the study group was in high risk. On the other hand 7,2% of individuals with low risk and 20,5% of the intermediate risk group had metabolic syndrome. In addition patients with metabolic syndrome had higher levels of white blood cell (6,7±1,7 vs. 7,3±1,8 x103/mm3; p< 0.001) and erythrocyte sedimentation rate (5,3±4,3 vs. 7,8±7,5 mm/hour).As a result, the prevalence of metabolic syndrome in the military personnel was less than the sex and age adjusted general population in Turkey. The tendency of military personnel for exercise may have a role in this result. On the other hand when compared to students of 19-25 years attending military school, triglyceride levels and the waist circumference were dramatically higher even in the 20-29 year-old group. This may indicate how unfavorable life style may affect the parameters. Another important point is the presence of metabolic syndrome even in low risk population with Framingham score. Because of its correlation with inflammatory markers, the presence of metabolic syndrome may be a better risk predictor especially in low risk individuals according to Framingham score. The importance of these markers and the metabolic syndrome will be understood better with cohort studies.
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