Transcatheter arterial chemoembolization in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma and coexisting hepatic cavernous hemangioma

We investigated the consequence of repeated transcatheter arterial chemoembolization (TACE) for coexisting small hepatic hemangioma in the treatment of patients with hepatocellular carcinomas and describe the imaging features of embolized hemangioma on the follow-up Lipiodol CT and MR. Six of 431 patients with biopsy-confirmed hepatocellular carcinomas, who underwent TACE, also had seven small hepatic cavernous hemangiomas (0.8∼2.3 cm) in the same area of embolization. All six patients underwent repeated TACE All lesions were evaluated with CT and/or MR for the post-treatment follow-up. The outcomes and imaging features of these embolized hemangiomas were reviewed for the change of tumor size, Lipiodol deposition, enhancing pattern as well as embolization complications. Six of the seven hemangiomas did not depict changes in the size or enhancement pattern without being ablated. One hemangioma showed a decrease in size, but still persisted after TACE. All of the hemangiomas showed Lipiodol deposition for 2∼15 months, in which five hemangiomas depicted irregular rim patterns. There is no complication caused by the procedures. The differentiation of small hepatic hemangiomas from viable HCC is important in the post-TACE follow-up to avoid unnecessary repeated embolization.