System and method employing ultra wide band radar technology for detecting lunar soil layered structure

The invention provides a system and method employing ultra wide band radar technology for detecting a lunar soil layered structure. In the system, an antenna electric scanning assembly selects one of N antennas as an emission antenna, and rest of N-1 antennas are used as reception antennas; a controller controls an emitter to generate an ultra wide band pulse signal and emits the ultra wide band pulse signal through an emission antenna; the ultra wide band pulse signal can generate reflection echo signals on a lunar soil surface and a lunar soil internal layered surface; rest of the N-1 reception antennas successively receive the echo signal of the lunar soil layered structure under the control of the antenna electric scanning assembly and transmit the echo signal to the controller for storage after a receiver receives the echo signal; when all the antennas which are transverse are used as emission antennas for detection, one time of complete detection data of the lunar soil layered structure in an area under an antenna array is obtained; and a lunar soil layered structure image in the detection area can be obtained through performing processing detection data.