Advances of studies on acupuncture reinforcing-reducing of twirling-rotating the needle

the theories and clinical and experimental studies about reinforcing-reducing manipulation of twirling-rotating the needle in recent 15 years are reviewed and a brief account of manipulation methods,mechanisms and effects of reinforcing-reducing manipulation of twirling-rotating the needle is given,and it is indicated that the following several aspects in the studies at present need to be completed.Standardization and establishment of national standard of acupuncture manipulation must be enforced;quantitative parameters of acupuncture manipulation and mechanisms of acupuncture reinforcing-reducing of twirling-rotating the needle need to be further studied.