Synthesis and evaluation of 17α-(dimethylphenyl)vinyl estradiols as probes of the estrogen receptor-α ligand binding domain

Abstract As part of our program to explore the influence of small structural modifications on the biological response of the estrogen receptor-α (ERα), we prepared and evaluated a series of mono-and di-substituted phenyl vinyl estradiols. The target compounds were prepared in 45–80% yields using the Stille coupling reaction and evaluated using competitive binding analysis with the ERα-ligand binding domain (hERα-LBD) and estrogenic activity (induction of alkaline phosphatase in Ishikawa cells). Results indicated that the 2,4- and 2,5-dimethyl derivatives, 5b and 5c , had the highest relative binding affinity (RBA = 20.5 and 37.3%) and relative stimulatory activity (RSA = 101.0% and 12.3%) of the di-methyl series.