Passive exposure to heat improves glucose metabolism in overweight humans.

AIM: Heat exposure has been indicated to positively affect glucose metabolism. An involvement of heat shock protein 72 (HSP72) in the enhancement of insulin sensitivity upon heat exposure has been previously suggested. Here, we performed an intervention study exploring the effect of passive heat acclimation (PHA) on glucose metabolism and intracellular (i)HSP72 concentrations in overweight humans. METHODS: Eleven non-diabetic overweight (BMI 27-35kg.m-2) participants underwent 10 consecutive days of PHA (4-6h/day, 34.4±0.2˚C, 22.8±2.7%RH). Before and after PHA, whole-body insulin sensitivity was assessed using a 1-step hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamp, skeletal muscle biopsies were taken to measure intracellular iHSP72, energy expenditure and substrate oxidation was measured using indirect calorimetry, and blood samples were drawn to assess markers of metabolic health. Thermophysiological adaptations were measured during a temperature ramp protocol before and after PHA. RESULTS: Despite a lack of change in iHSP72, 10 days of PHA reduced basal (9.7±1.4 pre vs. 8.4±2.1umol.kg-1.min-1 post-PHA, P=0.038) and insulin-stimulated (2.1±0.9 pre vs. 1.5±0.8umol.kg-1.min-1 post-PHA, P=0.005) endogenous glucose production (EGP) and increased insulin suppression of EGP (78.5±9.7% pre vs. 83.0±7.9% post-PHA, P=0.028). Consistently, fasting plasma glucose (6.0±0.5 pre vs. 5.8±0.4mmol.L-1 post-PHA, P=0.013) and insulin concentrations (97±55 pre vs. 84±49pmol.L-1 post-PHA, P=0.026) decreased significantly. Moreover, fat oxidation increased, and free-fatty acids as well as cholesterol concentrations and mean arterial pressure decreased after PHA. CONCLUSION: Our results show that passive heat acclimation for 10 days improves glucose metabolism and enhances fat metabolism, without changes in iHSP72. Further exploration of the therapeutic role of heat in cardio-metabolic disorders should be considered.