COVID-19, neoliberalismo y sistemas sanitarios en 30 países de Europa: repercusiones en el número de fallecidos

espanolFundamentos: El estudio se fundamento en la necesidad de entender el elevado numero de fallecimientos por COVID-19 en la pandemia mundial declarada desde Diciembre de 2019, y como golpeo de forma distinta en los paises de Europa. La hipotesis planteada fue que una menor inversion en el sistema de sanidad publica, el numero de medicos por habitante y el numero de camas hospitalarias disponibles para la poblacion provocaron un mayor numero de fallecidos tras la llegada de la COVID-19 a cada pais estudiado. El objetivo fue analizar la relacion entre el numero de fallecimientos por COVID-19 en la pandemia mundial declarada desde diciembre de 2019 y las politicas e inversion sanitarias en los paises de Europa. Metodos: Se realizo un estudio de investigacion en el que se analizaron un total de seis variables con datos oficiales y contrastados: gasto publico en salud per capita; medicos por cada 1.000 habitantes; numero de camas por cada 1.000 personas; muertes por COVID-19 por cada millon de habitantes; numero de test para detectar COVID-19 por cada 1.000 habitantes; y Coeficiente GINI para medir el grado de desigualdad social en cada pais. Se llevo a cabo en 30 paises europeos. Se realizaron analisis de frecuencias y correlaciones (Pearson). Resultados: Se encontraron 5 paises, que fueron los que dieron valores por encima de 300 fallecidos por millon (datos de 27 de abril de 2020): Reino Unido; (305,39), Francia (350,16), Italia (440,67), Espana (495,99) y Belgica (612,1). Precisamente, en los paises que mas muertes registraron (Reino Unido, Francia, Italia, Espana y Belgica) a fecha de 27 de abril, no encontramos valores elevados de realizacion de TEST. En nuestros analisis, obtuvimos que a menos inversion de gasto publico en salud (per capita), se daba un mayor numero de muertes por COVID-19 por cada millon de habitantes, una menor cobertura en camas hospitalarias, y un menor numero de doctores. Finalmente, comprobamos que a menor fue el gasto en salud publica, mas alto era el coeficiente GINI (por tanto mayor desigualdad social). Conclusiones: Se detecta un efecto negativo en termino de muertes cuando la inversion en salud publica es menor. El mayor numero de muertes por COVID-19 esta correlacionado (p EnglishBackground: The study was motivated by the need to understand the high number of deaths caused by COVID-19 in the global pandemic declared since December 2019, and how it impacted differently in European countries. The hypothesis was that less investment in the public health system, the number of doctors per inhabitant and the number of hospital beds available to the population led to a higher number of deaths after the arrival of COVID-19 in each country studied. The objective was to analyze the relationship between the number of deaths from COVID-19 in the global pandemic declared since December 2019 and health policies and investment in European countries. Methods: A research study was conducted in which a total of six variables were analyzed with official and contrasted data: public health expenditure per capita; doctors per 1,000 inhabitants; number of beds per 1,000 people; deaths from COVID-19 per million inhabitants; number of tests to detect COVID-19 per 1,000 inhabitants; and GINI Coefficient to measure the degree of social inequality in each country. It was carried out in 30 European countries. Frequency and correlation analyses were carried out (Pearson). Results: Five countries were found, which gave values above 300 deaths per million (data from April 27, 2020): United Kingdom; (305.39), France (350.16), Italy (440.67), Spain (495.99) and Belgium (612.1). Precisely, in the countries that recorded the most deaths (United Kingdom, France, Italy, Spain and Belgium) on April 27, we did not find high values of TEST performance. In our analysis, we found that the lower the investment of public spending in health (per capita), the higher the number of deaths per COVID-19 per million inhabitants, the lower the coverage of hospital beds, and the lower the number of doctors. Finally, we found that the lower the expenditure on public health, the higher the GINI coefficient (thus greater social inequality). Conclusions: A negative effect in terms of deaths was detected when investment in public health was lower; the higher number of deaths from COVID-19 was correlated (p