Low-Voltage and Low-Power Logic, Memory, and Analog Circuit Techniques for SoCs Using 90 nm Technology and Beyond

Circuit techniques for realizing low-voltage and low-power SoCs for 90-nm CMOS technology and beyond are described. A proposed SAFBB (self-adjusted forward body bias techniques), ATC (Asymmetric Three transistor Cell) DRAM, and ADC using an offset can-celing comparator deal with leakage and variability issues for these technologies. A 32-bit adder using SAFBB attained 353-μA at 400-MHz operation at 0.5-V supply voltage, and 1 Mb memory array using ATC DRAM cells achieved 1.5 mA at 50MHz, 0.5 V. The 4-bit ADC attained 2 Gsample/s operation at a supply voltage of 0.9 V.