Enzymes from mangrove endophytes and their biotechnological/industrial applications

Abstract Mangroves play a crucial role in the coastal ecosystem. Their habitat shelters many organisms of importance, including planktons, algae, and other aquatic organisms. Besides these organisms, many species of mangrove plants, namely Rhizophora spp., Xylocarpus spp., Avicennia spp., and others, also harbor several novel biotechnologically important microorganisms for the production and commercialization of numerous enzymes like protease, cellulase, amylase, lipase, among others. Different genera of bacteria like Bacillus, Enterobacter, Bertioga, Pantoea, Streptomyces, and others are endemic to mangroves with promising enzymatic activities. Many reports have suggested and have highlighted the enzymes from endophytic microorganisms that, isolated from mangrove plants, have lipolytic, cellulolytic, proteolytic, amylolytic, and other similar activities. The secretion of such enzymes with promising activities may be relevant to their beneficial relationship with the plants, but further, more detailed studies on this arena need to be precised and systematic so that we can benefit from such natural products for future biotechnological advancement in enzymology. It can be rightly said that mangroves are the abode for microorganisms with promising enzymatic activities.