Modeling and Simulation of Ionospheric Surface Scattering Equation for High-Frequency Surface Radar

Ionospheric clutter is the main factor to reduce the detection performance of HFSWR. This paper established the radar range equations of the surface scattering targets. The scattering coefficient of ionospheric RCS is estimated based on the principle of high-frequency coherent scattering for irregularities. Thus, the generalized radar formula based on the physical mechanism of the ionosphere is derived. The simulation shows that the ionospheric echoes under surface scattering close to the vertical direction accord with the pulse-limited model, and the ionospheric echoes close to the oblique direction accord with the beam-limited model, for the case of wide beam of HF surface wave radar.