Hydrothermal liquefaction of microalgae over transition metal supported TiO 2 catalyst

Abstract Hydrothermal liquefaction (HTL) of microalgae Nannochloropsis (NAS) over various transition metal M/TiO 2 (M = Fe, Co, Ni, Mo, and Mn) was investigated. Ni/TiO 2 was the most effective catalyst to improve the yield and quality of biocrude and the liquefaction conversion. Ni/TiO 2 was characterized by XRD, XRF, and XPS. The research of Effect of reaction temperature on HTL of NAS over Ni/TiO 2 suggested that 300 °C led to a maximum biocrude yield of 48.23% and the highest liquefaction conversion of 89.28%. Adding Ni/TiO 2 catalyst reduced the viscosity and provided more light-fraction in biocrude while brought a slight increase in total acid number (TAN). Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis demonstrated that adding Ni/TiO 2 considerably changed the composition of biocrude and the possible pathways were discussed. Reproduction test showed the Ni/TiO 2 has an excellent reproduction ability in HTL of NAS.