Neonatal mortality and morbidity in a tertiary care hospital of Coastal South India
2018
Introduction: Progress in new-born survival has been slow.
There is a variation in neonatal death rates across states and
geographical region of a country. Understanding the pattern of
mortality is essential in improving new-born survival. This study
was conducted to study the mortality and morbidity profile in
Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU) of a university teaching
hospital. Material and Methods: This was a retrospective
descriptive study including records of all neonates admitted
in NICU from January 2015 to December 2016. Results 3623
neonates were admitted during the study period. Majority
were preterm and low birth weight babies. Neonatal jaundice
(41.4%) was the leading cause of admission. Major cause of
morbidity was sepsis (26.2%). Average duration of stay were
higher in out borns (8.4 days) compared to inborn (6.5 days)
neonates. Among mortality a higher male predominance was
seen. Neonatal sepsis (36.3%) was the single most common
cause of mortality followed by respiratory distress syndrome
(27.4%) and congenital malformations (18.6%). Out born
neonates which were self-transported had higher mortality
rate than transported by ambulance. Conclusion This study
identifies sepsis, prematurity and low birth weight as the major
causes of morbidity. Sepsis, respiratory distress syndrome and
congenital malformations were the leading causes of mortality
Understanding causes of neonatal mortality may help to
implement interventions to promote new-born survival.
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