Intestinal Microbiome–Macromolecule Signaling That Mediates Inflammation and Immune System Interaction

An established microbiome maintains the homeostasis of the host systems and entails specified tasks in stages of development of the host immune system. Synchrony between the host metabolism and the microbiota is critical for a competent immune system. Clostridium strains have been initiating the production of Tregs, which considerably are recognized to curb induced colitis in the experimental conditions. Faecalibacterium prausnitzii is a clostridial organism protecting patients from the onset of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). The signal transduction pathway of Bacteroides fragilis is known to regulate the production of factors responsible for the differentiation of IL-10 secreting Tregs. Polysaccharide A secreted by Bacteroides fragilis induces Treg cell development utilizing TLR2 signaling pathway. It can also potentiate and trigger the signal transducer of transcription factor 3 –STAT3 and recruit the Th17 cells. The gut biota also is responsible for sustaining the recruitment of Th1/Th17 and protect against pathogens. Studies reveal CD+8 cells delegating cell-mediated response get triggered as part of the skin flora Staphylococcus epidermidis.