Correlation of abnormalities in resting state fMRI with executive functioning in chronic schizophrenia

Abstract Background : Although previous studies have consistently demonstrated that neurocognitive and social cognitive impairments are commonly observed in schizophrenia, the neural substrates of deficits of cognitive function remain unclear, especially for the chronic schizophrenia. There has been little resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rs-fMRI) study of cognitive function in chronic schizophrenia. In this study we aimed to investigate the changes of rs-fMRI signals with regional homogeneity (ReHo), and explore the correlations between abnormal regional activity and cognitive function in chronic schizophrenia. Methods : Altogether 76 subjects, 37 patients with chronic schizophrenia and 39 normal controls matched approximately for age, gender and education level were enrolled. All subjects were evaluated psychotic symptoms by Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) and cognitive function by Wisconsin Card Sorting Test (WCST). Conventional MRI and rs-fMRI were performed in all subjects. ReHo was calculated to measure the temporal synchronization of a given voxel and its neighboring voxels based on Kendall coefficient of concordance (KCC) in the rs-fMRI. Results : For the numbers of achieved categories, percentage of conceptual level response in the scores of WCST, the patient group was significantly lower than the control group (p Conclusions : The study identified five increased and six decreased spontaneous synchrony in the cerebrum and cerebellum in chronic schizophrenia patients compared to the normal matched controls, which were associated with positive, negative symptoms, and deficits of executive functioning.