Totally fluoroless retrograde intrarenal surgery technique in pre-stented patients - tips and tricks

Summary Treatment of urolithiasis has evolved greatly as retrograde intrarenal surgery (RIRS) has gained popularity being nowadays a gold-standard therapy for renal stones up to 2cm. Endourological procedures are traditionally fluoroscopic guided, thus an increasing concern is the harm of radiation exposure, especially in the pediatric population. Therefore, performing fluoroless RIRS should be a feasible option for pediatric urologists. Herein we describe the technique of totally fluoroless RIRS in presented patients and the tips to avoid radiation use at most.