Model kooperativnoga pristupa u sustavima upućivanja vozila na parkiranje

The growth trend and the trend of population migration into city centers, as well as the continuous increase in the number of motor vehicles cause traffic jams and congestions in most major cities in the world. One of the identified factors of the above mentioned negative effect is the circling in search of available parking space, which not only contributes to the total amount of congestion in city centers, but also affects the amount of time that drivers spend unnecessarily in vehicle, the stress level of drivers, the amount of emissions, and, indirectly, the health and safety of living beings. In order to eliminate the problems caused by the circling in search of available parking space, i.e. by the congestion, the different methods and approaches are implemented. First of all, these are the appropriate strategies and policies that are made in order to regulate the existing situation and to demotivate the arrival of part of the population in the city center, which does not represent a necessity. Another way to eliminate the above problem, which is the most emphasized in this paper, is represented by the intelligent parking systems. Intelligent parking systems are used to guide the driver to the available parking space and to provide the information on the characteristics of the same. Regularly they are also used for parking reservation and payment, but in most cases they were related exclusively to closed parking lots and garages. With the technological progress and the development of intelligent sensors it has become possible to even control street parking spaces, which is especially emphasized in this paper. Furthermore, the classic model of search of available parking spaces is analyzed, and then the advanced model of guidance to available parking spaces using a cooperative approach is proposed. The simulation model of the proposed advanced system is developed and indicators of effectivness for four different scenarious in the cases with and without traffic congestion are examined. The simulation analysis presents the advantages of this system compared to the classical approach and main factors of its effectiveness are highlighted.