Chemical Composition of the Essential Oil from Hancornia speciosa var. pubescens （Nees ＆ C. Mart.） MOll. Arg. （Apocynaceae） Leaves and Its Soil Characterization

Essential oils are secondary metabolites produced by plants, can be extracted from any organ such as: leaves, branches, roots, rhizomes, flowers, fruits, seeds, wood and stem bark. The present study aimed to analyze the compounds found in the essential oil of leaf Hancornia speciosa var. pubescens (C. Nees & Mart.) Mull. Arg. (Apocynaceae), popularly known as mangaba, and perform the soil chemical analysis of the occurrence of the same species. The oil was obtained by hydrodistillation in Clevenger from crushed leaves, their analysis was performed using the Shimadzu gas chromatograph model 2010 GC Ultra coupled to a mass spectrometer. The apofarnesol (48.45%), naphthalene (4.84%), α-bisabolene (4.12%), trans-β-heptanone (2.34%), spathulenol (1.48%), cypermethrin were identified (1.35%) and malonic acid (1.34%), which according to literature all these compounds have great insecticidal characteristics. Soil testing was performed according to the protocols of the S.L. Goiânia/GO, which was found a soil poor in nutrient with acidic pH, these predominant features of the Cerrado's soils, which can influence the biosynthesis of secondary metabolites. Concluding that Hancornia speciosa variety pubescens may have insecticidal activities.