Available control measures for Q fever in sheep.
2014
Q fever is a worldwide zoonosis caused by Gram-negative bacteria, Coxiella
burnetii. This antropozoonosis is characterized by a wide spectrum of hosts
and vectors. Primary role of domestic animals as reservoirs of human
infections emphasizes the accurate prompt detection of Q fever in domestic
animals. This microbe can survive for months and even years in dust or soil.
Sanitation of endemic foci of Q fever is practically pretty close to
impossible because of the high resistance of the causative agent, small
infectious dose and various epidemiologies. Within the group of
zooantroponoses, Q fever takes a leading position in the region of Vojvodina.
This is why Q-fever is considered a specific problem of this province.
Control programs against Q fever in sheep and cattle, most frequently
recommend serological examination and vaccination of animals. In animals, the
most effective vaccines are those composed of inactivated whole phase I
bacteria. Bacterial shedding in placental tissue and milk was reduced in
experimental infection or in natural C.burnetii infection of sheep and cows
vaccinated by phase I vaccines. One of the recommended measures is excluding
positive reactors from the flock followed by continuous monitoring and
separation of seropositive animals. Milk from seropositive cows must be
pasteurized. The aim of the vaccination after lambing season, is to prevent
new infections until next lambing of young animals, which were not pregnant.
Well-timed sequential vaccination before pregnancy reduces the risk of C.
burnetii infection, highly prevents the abortions decreases the shedding rate
of C. burnetii after the abortion. [Projekat Ministarstva nauke Republike
Srbije, br. TR31084]
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