Multi‐organ dysfunction/injury on admission identifies acute heart failure patients at high risk of poor outcome

BACKGROUND: Clinical consequences of an interplay between dysfunction/injury of different end-organs in acute heart failure (AHF) remain unknown. METHODS AND RESULTS: In 284 consecutive AHF patients, end-organ dysfunction/injury was defined as cardiac [troponin I level above the upper reference limit (URL, > 0.056 ng/mL)], kidney (estimated glomerular filtration rate  3 times the URL (> 114 IU/L and > 105 IU/L for AST and ALT, respectively), bilirubin above the URL (> 1.3 mg/mL), albumin below the lower reference limit (  1 end-organ dysfunction/injury identifies patients at the highest risk of poor outcomes.