Initial strain energy-based thermo-elastoviscoplastic two-parameter damage–self-healing models for bituminous composites—Part I: Formulations:

The initial strain energy-based thermo-elastoviscoplastic two-parameter damage–self-healing formulations for asphalt concrete materials are proposed and implemented for numerical simulations of experimental data. A class of elastoviscoplastic two-parameter constitutive damage–self-healing models, based on a continuum thermodynamic framework, is developed within an initial-elastic strain energy-based formulation. The Helmholtz free energy potential is employed and uncoupled with an Arrhenius-type temperature term in order to account for the effect of temperature. In particular, the governing incremental damage and healing evolutions are coupled in volumetric and deviatoric parts and characterized through the net stress concept in conjunction with the hypothesis of strain equivalence. The conceptual illustration is shown for the proposed governing incremental damage and healing evolutions. The (undamaged) energy norms of the volumetric and deviatoric strain tensors as the equivalent volumetric and deviatori...