Malignant Phyllodes Tumor of the Breast in a 26-year-old Woman

Breast cancer is the most commonly diagnosed cancer and the second leading cause of cancer death in women. Early detection, accurate diagnosis and proper treatment are important prognostic factors due to the wide variety of breast cancer subtypes. This becomes of particular importance with rare breast tumors, which are difficult to diagnose due to their varying presentations. Malignant phyllodes tumor (PT) is one of the rare breast tumors that is difficult to diagnose. First reported in 1838, PT of the breast accounts for less than 1% of all breast masses. Based on histological features, PT is categorized on a spectrum of benign to malignant tumors. High-grade PTs are commonly seen in older patients but can also occur in young patients, as reported in this case of a 26-year-old female. Failure to detect the malignancy early and initiate appropriate treatment can lead to widespread metastasis and poor outcomes.