Evaluating the psychometric properties and factor structure of the general self-efficacy scale in China

The General Self-Efficacy (GSE) scale is commonly used in epistemological studies to explain human behaviours, particularly those related to motivation, academic and work-related performance, well-being and quality of life. Yet, few studies have systematically evaluated the psychometric properties and dimensionality of the scale in the context of mainland China. Three cross-sectional studies were conducted with a total of 9578 respondents from primary schools, secondary schools and a university in China. Exploratory factor analysis and confirmatory factor analysis were used to assess the dimensionality and factor structure of the 10-item GSE scale. The internal consistency and criterion validity of the scale were also evaluated. The results indicate that the GSE comprising two-factor structure, namely action self-efficacy (items 1, 6, 7, 8, and 9), and coping self-efficacy (items 2, 3, 4, 5, and 10), possess good psychometric properties. The scale demonstrates good internal consistency, with a = .91. The findings also demonstrate that the GSE has good criterion validity related to other well-established measurements of well-being, self-esteem and mental health. In addition, the results of the confirmatory factor analysis also suggested that the scale shows a good model fit, as χ2 (1001.197), p = < .001, SRMR = .030, CFI = .997, TLI = .997 and RMSEA = .055. The 10-item General Self-Efficacy scale with a 2-factor structure has good psychometric properties. This scale is suitable for scholars or practitioners seeking to further conduct further studies to investigate issues related to self-efficacy in Chinese society.