Mechanisms and Drivers of Soil Salinity in Coastal Bangladesh

Determining soil salinity within the delta is crucial as it is the dominant factor determining crop productivity. There are numerous interacting drivers that influence soil salinity, including climate variability, saline river water inundation, storm surge inundation, depth to groundwater table, groundwater salinity, and shrimp farming (Bagda). For the study area, tidal river salinity appears to influence the soil salinity most, particularly in the south-west of the delta. In northern areas, high groundwater salinity levels, combined with a high groundwater table, are a major contributor to soil salinity. In addition, an increase in salinity of dry season irrigation water is expected to increase salt accumulation in soils, with a possibility of irrigation water salinity exceeding five parts per thousand.