High-output Heart Failure Caused by a Tumor-related Arteriovenous Fistula: A Case Report and Literature Review.

High-output heart failure caused by a tumor-related arteriovenous fistula in adults is a rare clinical condition. We herein report a case of high-output heart failure caused by an arteriovenous fistula associated with renal cell carcinoma and a literature review of 29 published cases to date. Renal cell carcinoma seems to be the most common underlying tumor. For the diagnosis, right heart catheterization and enhanced computed tomography are considered useful. The removal of the underlying tumor and arteriovenous fistula is the best treatment for heart failure.