A study of microscopic changes in the placenta in gestational diabetes mellitus

Introduction: Gestational diabetes mellitus is a complication connected with pregnancy defined as any degree of glucose intolerance that appears during pregnancy with normal values before and usually after the pregnancy. We investigated histological changes of the gestational diabetic placenta and non-diabetic placenta. Research work accomplished in the department of Anatomy, government medical college and superfacility hospital Azamgarh. Placenta collected from the labour room/operation theatre of the department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, government medical college and superficiality hospital, Azamgarh. Material and Methods: Sixty-two freshly delivered placentas were collected – 31 placentas from diabetic mother and 31 placentas from non-diabetic mother (control group). All parturient were aged between 20 to 44 years. This placenta measured on a weighing machine graduated in grams. An approximately 5mm piece of the diabetic placenta was taken and processed for histological examination. Results: Microscopic examination explained dilated blood vessels, subtrophoblastic basement membrane thickness and chorangiosis present in all gestational diabetic placenta. Vessels thrombosis present in 83.87 per cent of the gestational diabetic placenta. Nucleated RBCs. were present in 93.54 per cent of the gestational diabetic placenta. Discussion and Conclusion: Gestational diabetes mellitus induces significant changes in the placenta, both gross and histologic. Effective glycemic regulation is better options for reducing anomalies that cause gestational diabetes. We find dilated blood vessels and necrosis in 100 percent of gestational diabetic placenta and 9.60 percent of nondiabetic placenta. The thickness of the subtrophoblastic basement membrane was present in 100% of the gestational diabetic placenta and 16.12% of the non-diabetic placenta. Vessel thrombosis occurs in 83.87% of gestational diabetic placenta, and 12.90% of non-diabetic placenta. In 93.54 percent of gestational diabetic placenta and 32.25 percent of non-diabetic placenta, nucleated RBC occurs.