Modified nanofiltration membrane treatment of saline water

Abstract Potable water production has become a worldwide concern; for many communities, projected population growth and associated demand exceed conventional available water resources. During the last decades, seawater has become an important source of freshwater. To solve seawater desalination problems and to minimize their effects on productivity and water cost of conventional plants, nanofiltration membranes have recently been employed. This will enhance the production of desalted water and reduces its production cost; currently, nanotechnology has been extensively studied by researchers as it offers potential advantages such as low cost, reuse, and highly efficient in removing and recovering the pollutants, nanoparticles have received much attention recently due to their unique properties in terms of photoemission, antimicrobial, and catalytic activity. This chapter is focused on the modification on zeolite and carbon nanotube membranes in treatment of saline water, and factors affecting desalination process during this modification and how to control and mitigate them.