Impaired Insulin Sensitivity and Secretion in Patients with Alzheimer’s Disease: The Relationship with Other Atherosclerosis Risk Factors
2017
Background: The growing body of evidence suggests that atherosclerosis risk factors are important
in cognitive decline.
Objective: To analyse insulin sensitivity, insulin secretion capacity, plasma insulin, adiponectin and lipid
levels in normoglycaemic, nonobese patients with Alzheimer’s disease (AD) (group A, n=62), mild cognitive
impairment (MCI) (group B, n=41), and healthy controls (group C, n=25).
Method: Insulin sensitivity was determined by euglycemic hyperinsulinaemic clamp (M value) and homeostasis
model assessment (HOMA-IR), insulin secretion capacity by first-phase insulin response (FPIR),
plasma insulin by RIA, adiponectin by ELISA, total cholesterol (TC), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol
(HDL-C), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) and triglycerides by enzymatic method.
Results: Insulin sensitivity was the lowest in group A (M value: A: 6.2±2.5; B:7.7±2.7; C:8.2±1.5
mg/min/kg, p<0.001; HOMA-IR: A: 4.6±2.2; B: 3.3±1.7; C: 1.5±1.0, p<0.001) as well as FPIR
(A:68.9±27.8; B:112.5±47.1; C:147.4±56.0 mU/l, p<0.001). Plasma insulin was higher in group A vs B vs
C, while adiponectin was lower in group A vs B vs C. Simultaneously, total and LDL-C were higher and
HDL-C levels were lower in groups A and B vs C, with no difference between groups A and B. Triglycerides
did not differ between the groups. Binary logistic regression analysis identified only M value, FPIR
and plasma insulin as independent predictors of AD and MCI.
Conclusion: These results imply that in AD and MCI insulin resistance with increased plasma insulin and
decreased FPIR may be associated with the development of AD and MCI, accompanied with milder influence
of low adiponectin levels and atherogenic lipid profile.
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