Cross-Chain Collaboration Typology

In the previous chapter we have discussed the most important literature that is needed to understand the theoretical rationale behind the 4C concept. In this chapter we will take a first step towards practical implementations of 4C by reviewing typologies of horizontal collaboration initiatives in literature. Once categorized, commercial collaboration initiatives form a particularly useful base to learn from when setting up new collaborations. With this goal in mind, next to the formal typologies, we will close this chapter with several more qualitative recommendations for the successful management of horizontal collaboration. In the chapters following this typology chapter, we will continue our journey from theory to practice: from a summary of (European) applied research projects, via learnings from Dutch collaboration projects, to recommendations to policy makers, academia, and commercial companies wishing to set up a logistics collaboration consortium.