Experimental Characterization of Two-Particle Entanglement through Position and Momentum Correlations.

Quantum simulation is a rapidly advancing tool to gain insight into complex quantum states and their dynamics. Trapped ion systems have pioneered deterministic state preparation and comprehensive state characterization, operating on localized and thus distinguishable particles. With ultracold atom experiments, one can prepare large samples of delocalized particles, but the same level of characterization has not yet been achieved. Here, we present a method to measure the positions and momenta of individual particles to obtain correlations and coherences. We demonstrate this with deterministically prepared samples of two interacting ultracold fermions in a coupled double well. As a first application, we use our technique to certify and quantify different types of entanglement.