Can a multifaceted educational intervention targeting both nurses and physicians change the prescribing of antibiotics to nursing home residents? A cluster randomized controlled trial

Objectives: To assess the impact of a multifaceted educational intervention concerning treatment of infections in the nursing home setting. Methods: We used a cluster randomized controlled trial. Fifty-eight nursing homes in Sweden were randomly assigned either to educational intervention or control. The intervention consisted of small educational group sessions with nurses and physicians, feedback on prescribing, presentation of guidelines and written materials. The primary outcome was the proportion of quinolones prescribed for lower urinary tract infection (UTI) in women. Secondary outcomes were for all infections: number of UTIs per resident, proportion of recorded infections treated with an antibiotic, proportion of infections handled by physicians as ‘wait and see’, and for lower UTI in women, proportion of nitrofurantoin. Results: Of the 58 nursing homes, 46 completed the study. A total of 702 and 540 infections were recorded pre- and post-intervention. The proportion of quinolones decreased significantly in the intervention and control groups, by 20.196 (9/93 to 36/123) and 20.224 (4/66 to 31/109), respectively [95% confidence interval (CI) 20.338, 20.054 and 20.394, 20.054], but the difference between intervention and control groups was not significant, with an absolute risk reduction of 0.028 (95% CI 20.193, 0.249). The changes in proportion of infections treated with antibiotics and proportion of infections handled by physicians as ‘wait and see’ was significant in comparison with controls: 20.124 (95% CI 20.228, 20.019) and 0.143 (95% CI 0.047, 0.240). No intervention effect could be seen for the other outcomes. Conclusions: The educational intervention had no effect on the primary outcome, but decreased the overall prescribing of antibiotics.