Evaluation of an educational wellness program by sex differences in community-dwelling Japanese patients with schizophrenia.

Abstract This study was a 24-week non-randomized controlled trial aimed at investigating the effects of lifestyle education by sex in patients with schizophrenia. The data was collected and analyzed for 75 subjects at five facilities in Aomori, Japan. Mean weight and BMI decreased in both biologically male and female subjects over a 24-Week study period in the Intervention group, but were maintenance or increase in the control Group. Although, when compared with the control group by ANCOVA (Analysis of Covariance), there were significant differences in body weight, BMI, and body fat percentage in the biologically male participants in the Intervention group, but not in the females. For the biologically males in the Intervention group, sex differences were speculated to affect weight loss strategies, such as using a pedometer to incorporate walking into their daily routine. Thus, when implementing lifestyle improvement education program, it is recommended to implement a program that considers sex differences.