Mechanisms of Calcification of Tissue Valves

The use of bioprosthetic valves in children is frequently complicated by the development of calcific degeneration, which restricts leaflet motion and eventually leads to valve failure. Tissue valves placed in the aortic and mitral positions are the most vulnerable to these changes. The mechanism of pathologic calcification is not yet fully elucidated; however, evidence suggests that cellular debris and other tissue residue may act as a template for the deposition of calcium.