Hydromorphone Exposure Exacerbates Inflammatory Bowel Disease in a Mouse Model

RESULTS: There were 178,414 Caucasians and 18,385 African Americans. Five-year survivals in African Americans were 50.7% vs 56.2% in Caucasians (adjusted hazard ratio [HR] 1.16). Overall, 22.3% of African Americans vs 14.1% of Caucasians presented with stage IV disease (p<0.001). Survival of patients with stage IIII disease was 58.7% in African Americans vs 66.7% in Caucasians (adjustedHR1.21).Of those patients with surgically treatable cancer, surgery was performed in 81% of Caucasians and 71% of African Americans (p<0.0001). Analysis of patients receiving appropriate surgical therapy for stage I-III disease revealed a 64.7%5-year survival in African Americans vs 66.7% in Caucasians (adjusted HR 1.21).