Rapidly Progressive Dementia as a Manifestation of Relapse in Mantle Cell Lymphoma: Experience in Diagnosis and Treatment

Rapidly progressive dementia is an entity that has a multiple and heterogeneous etiology. It is characterized by the alteration of two or more cognitive domains in a period of less than 1 to 2 years. The involvement of the central nervous system attributed to mantle cell lymphoma is rare with a poor prognosis in the short term and mainly debuts in the late stages of the disease as a relapse. A 61-year-old male with a history of mantle cell lymphoma who presents a relapse of the central nervous system, given by a clinical course compatible with a rapidly progressive dementia and which is confirmed by flow cytometry studies in cerebrospinal fluid, which show a 53 , 8% of mature lymphoid population: CD45, CD19, CD20, HLA-DR, BCL2. It presents an adequate response to management with a tyrosine kinase inhibitor (Ibrutinib), resolving clinical symptoms and imaging findings.