New recommendations for antibiotic dosing in patients with renal insufficiency and in patients undergoing haemodialysis

: Dosing of antibiotics in patients with renal insufficiency has almost exclusively been based on pharmacokinetic (PK) parameters, whereas the different pharmacodynamic (PD) parameters of antibiotics have only been sparsely considered. This is not appropriate since antibiotics can be divided into two distinct groups: 1) Time-dependent and 2) Concentration (or total dose) dependent killing of bacteria. In this document revised recommendations based on PK/PD parameters are suggested.