Natural Effective Sex Selection Methods and the Ethical Considerations: A Narrative Review

Introduction: Since ancient times, couples have been trying to choose the sex of offspring. Although some of these methods derived from superstitious beliefs and had no scientific basis, but there is now scientific documented evidence that demonstrates the impact of some of them on sex selection. Sex selection methods classified into two general categories, preconception methods (technological and natural) and post conception methods. This study was performed with aim to determine the natural effective sex selection methods and the related ethical considerations. Methods: In this narrative review study, a comprehensive review of databases including Pubmed, Science Direct, Google Scholar and SID from 1940 to 2015 was conducted and only Persian and English articles were evaluated. Keywords included Sex Preselection, Sex Ratio and Sex Selection. Results: The findings of the present study show that natural sex selection methods are based on timing of insemination, vaginal PH and douching, position and penetration, orgasm, frequency of intercourse and abstinence and maternal diet. Although there are some other influencing factors. Bioethicists, religions, and professional medical organizations’ opinions about sex selection are very different. Conclusion: The natural sex Preselection methods as inexpensive and simple approach can influence the sex of the fetus. Integrating these methods can certainly raise the probability of conceiving babies of the desired sex. Nevertheless, large randomized clinical trials could provide more definitive evidence.