Role of anterior surgery in idiopathic scoliosis: A literature review

Scoliosis is lateral curvature of the spine, which includes three-dimensional deformity. Both anterior and posterior approaches have been used to treat the deformity. Over the period of time, anterior scoliosis surgery has been popularized by various people albeit for selective indications. A literature review was done searching available literature from 1970 to 2019, using medical search engines, PubMed and Google Scholar. Review was aimed at defining the current status and indications for anterior surgery in adolescent idiopathic scoliosis. Anterior scoliosis surgery leads to similar correction compared to posterior surgery with additional advantage of saving of fusion levels along with preservation of more mobility. The pulmonary function affection from clinical standpoint remains limited with anterior approaches. Currently, anterior approaches are used for treating Lenke type 5 and 6 curves with similar results to posterior surgery. In addition, anterior approach can be an essential adjunct to posterior surgery in severe curves where there is significant stiffness.