Diabetes mellitus and obstructive sleep apnoea

The global prevalence of diabetes mellitus (DM) has reached 366 million in 2011 with the majority being between 40 and 59 years of age. The increasing prevalence of DM is mainly attributed to the epidemics of obesity and aging. Obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA) is also a common condition. Both are known for their impact on cardiovascular morbidity, reduced quality of life, disability, high health care expenditures and premature death. Both conditions can under a long period of time remain undetected. Both diseases share common risk factors, which can to high extend be modified by informed and focused life style changes comprising avoidance of tobacco smoking, weight control, modification of dietary habits and regular physical activity. Improving the knowledge about the common risk factors predisposing for the development of DM as well as OSA might inspire health care community to screen high-risk individuals and initiate adequate treatment combined with the preventive life style changes. The current article reviews the clinic- and population-based epidemiologic studies as well as pathopysiological mechanisms of the relationship between OSA and DM. Available data regarding the impact of treatment of OSA on DM is also addressed.