Multi-drug resistant tuberculosis in women : review

The World Health Organisation (WHO) estimates a staggering 8.6 million new tuberculosis cases every year (Global TB report, 2013). Seventy five percent of the 8.6 million cases are from the Africa region. More than 500 000 of these cases are new multi-drug resistant tuberculosis (MDR TB) that has doubled from 2009 as well as 2011 and this number is currently doubling annually. Many of these cases are primary MDR TB infection or re-infection rather than previously treated tuberculosis progressing to MRD TB. Evidence is growing for increased transmission in congregate settings and hospitals. Currently drug susceptible tuberculosis treatment rapidly induces negative transmission compared to multi- and extreme drug resistant tuberculosis treatment that is not effective and the patient can be positive for months and still transmitting disease.