Prevalence of resistance genes and antibiotic resistance profile among Stenotrophomonas maltophilia isolates from hospitalized patients in Iran

Abstract Background Stenotrophomonas maltophilia has emerged as an important nosocomial pathogen. Treatment of S. maltophilia infections is difficult due to increasing resistance to multiple antibacterial agents. Methods In this 12-month cross-sectional study, from 2017 to 2018, 117 isolates were obtained from different clinical sources and identified by conventional biochemical methods. Antibiotic susceptibility tests were performed according to CLSI 2018. Minocycline disk (30μg) and E-test strips for ceftazidime, trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, and chloramphenicol were used. PCR confirmed isolates. The frequency of different classes of integrons (I, II) and resistance gene cassettes (sul1, sul2, dfrA1, dfrA5, and aadB) were determined by PCR. Results The results showed the highest frequency of resistance to chloramphenicol and ceftazidime with 32 cases (27.11%). Among strains, 12 cases (10.25%) were resistant to trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (the lowest frequency of resistance), while 19 (16.1%) isolates were resistant to minocycline. Frequency of sul1, int1, aadB, sul2, dfrA5 genes were 64 (55.08%), 26 (22.3 %), 18 (15.25%) and 17 (14.4%), 14 (11.86%), respectively. int2 and dfrA1 were not detected. Conclusion Although we have not yet reached a high level of resistance to effective antibiotics such as trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, as these resistances can be carried by plasmid, greater precision should be given to the administration of these antibiotics.