Construction of integral index for comprehensive assessment and analysis of risk factors for lower limb varicose veins during pregnancy

Objective. To develop a model of an integral index for complex assessment of varicose vein risk factors and estimate the influence of pregnancy on the occurrence of chronic vein diseases. Varicose veins (VV) and chronic venous insufficiency are one of the most widespread human diseases. This pathology in pregnancy has a clear picture, which is quite different from varicose veins in non-pregnant women. Materials and methods. Analysis of 1974 individual medical cards of pregnant women and puerperas of Maternity Hospital № 2 for the period of 2016–2019 was carried out. Out of them, 456 cards had a diagnosis of varicose veins of the lower limbs. The method was based on statistical analysis and integral indices. Results. The following risk diapasons were determined: low risk (favorable prognosis) – 0.44–0.85; medium risk (favorable prognosis is possible) – 0.86–1.28; high risk (unfavorable prognosis) – 1.29–2.13. The quantity of pregnancies is not an unfavorable prognosis for women. Long statistical loads give unfavorable prognosis (1.34–1.43); family predisposition is an unfavorable prognosis (1.66); lifting loads depending on the quantity in grams (1000 – favorable sign; 5000–10 000 – unfavorable (1.21–1.870)); wearing tight clothes is not an unfavorable prognosis (0.88); hypodynamia – medium risk (1.14); diet – low and medium risk (0.75–0.95), obesity – high risk (1.24–2.15). Conclusions. The obtained results permitted to detect the most significant risk factors for varicose veins during pregnancy. Medium and high-risk indices are the following: long statistical loads, family predisposition, lifting loads, hypodynamia, diet and obesity. They influence the development of varicose veins. There is a possibility to present a prospective prognosis for pregnant women and develop a complex of measures to decrease risks for chronic vein diseases taking into account individual features of patients.