Policy principles for low carbon mobility

Achieving low carbon mobility gains requires major policy, behavioural and technological changes. The relevant policy directions available to policy makers can be grouped into four broad categories: those that allow travel to be `avoided'; those that `shift' travel to more efficient modes; those that promote `sharing' of vehicles and rides; and those that `improve' the efficiency of vehicles and infrastructure. This chapter examines these strategic pathways and presents policy instruments that can help decarbonise transport while also addressing urban mobility challenges such as congestion and poor air quality. The chapter relies on best evidence from the literature and presents a broad range of measures that could be used to influence behaviour.