Constipation, Faecal and Urinary Incontinence

Constipation is a common problem in the elderly. Slow colon transit, irritable bowel syndrome and pelvic floor dysfunction are three distinct pathophysiologies causing constipation. Many age-related problems such as multiple medical conditions, increased use of medications, decreased mobility and dietary changes contribute to constipation. Secondary constipation is due to neurological diseases, endocrine and metabolic diseases, psychological conditions and structural abnormalities. There are three types of faecal incontinence: (i) urge incontinence, (ii) passive incontinence, and (iii) faecal seepage. Choice of proper therapy will depend on the cause and severity of the incontinence. Urinary incontinence (UI) is one of the biggest challenges facing the elderly population. In the elderly, the risk factors are multifactorial, among them being age-related changes, comorbidity, polypharmacy and functional impairments. Treatment of UI includes behavioural and pharmacological interventions.