Review of Quantum Electromagnetic States

Abstract : This program provided a review of the conceptual and mathematical apparatus to apply modern theories of electromagnetic fields. As a study in low-noise electromagnetic states, it centers on the need to transition basic physics into the engineering arena for improved systems and devices. A survey of applications and texts written during the past 10 years shows that there is a collection of common prerequisite background material; most of this material is addressed in this report. An initial chapter outlines the importance of quantum electromagnetic states to small systems of atoms or photons, to interconnects and links (communications), A-D converters, and to signal processing. All of these systems require higher speed, inner size, lower power and lower noise components, especially for space applications. The report discusses underlying concepts for Fock, coherent, and squeezed electromagnetic states. It also reviews the density operator, reservoir theory, fluctuation-dissipation theorem and Langevin sources.