Liquid immiscibility and problems of ore genesis (according to experimental data)

The results of an experimental study of phase relations and distribution of elements in silicate melt–salt systems (carbonate, phosphate, fluoride, chloride) melt, silicate melt I–silicate melt II, and also in fluid – magmatic systems in the presence of alkali metal fluorides are presented. Salt extraction of a number of ore elements (Y, REE, Sr, Ba, Ti, Nb, Zr, Ta, W, Mo, Pb) was studied in liquid immiscibility processes in a wide temperature range of 800–1250°С and pressure of 1–5.5 kbar. It is shown that the partition coefficients are sufficient for the concentration of ore elements in the quantity necessary for the genesis of ore deposits. In the fluid-saturated melt of trachyrhyolite, the separation into two silicate liquids has been determined. The partition coefficients of a number of elements (Sr, La, Nb, Fe, Cr, Mo, K, Rb, Cs) between phases L1 and L2 has been obtained. The interaction processes of a heterophase fluid in the granite (quartz)–ore mineral–heterophase fluid (Li, Na, K-fluoride) system were studied at 650–850°C and P = 1 kbar. The formation of the phase of a highly alkaline fluid–saturated silicate melt – Ta and Nb concentrator is shown as a result of the reaction of the fluid with the rock and ore minerals.